China and Mongolia issued a joint press communique on Sunday following talks between Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Mongolian Foreign Minister Batmunkh Battsetseg in Ulan Bator, according to Chinese state media.
The communique includes mutual security commitments: both sides said they would not join any military or political alliance directed against the other, would not conclude treaties with any third country that could undermine the other's sovereignty and security, and would not allow any third country to use their territory to harm the other's interests.
Mongolia also reiterated its adherence to the one-China principle, its opposition to "Taiwan independence," and its support for China's peaceful reunification. The communique stated that matters related to Xizang, Hong Kong, and Xinjiang are China's internal affairs — language consistent with previous Mongolian diplomatic positions.
The document was the final major outcome of Wang Yi's three-day visit to Mongolia that began on Saturday. Earlier in the trip, Wang met with Mongolian President Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh and is scheduled to meet Prime Minister Nyam-Osor Uchral. The President previously told Wang that bilateral trade between the two countries was expected to reach US$20 billion this year, underscoring the economic dimension of the relationship.
On economic cooperation, the two sides agreed to strengthen alignment between China's Belt and Road Initiative and Mongolia's Steppe Road development program. They also pledged to expand trade and investment across multiple sectors including connectivity, energy, mineral resources, and emerging fields such as the digital economy and green development. The Belt and Road framework has been a central pillar of China's economic engagement with Mongolia and other Central Asian neighbours over the past decade.
The communique also expressed support for trilateral cooperation among China, Mongolia, and Russia, describing the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor as important for regional stability. Both sides referenced multilateral mechanisms including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, APEC, and BRICS as contributing to regional cooperation and economic integration.
On multilateral issues, Mongolia reiterated its support for a number of Chinese-led initiatives, including the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative. China, for its part, expressed appreciation for Mongolia's role in hosting the Ulan Bator Dialogue on Northeast Asian Security, a forum focused on regional confidence-building measures.
Mongolia has historically pursued a multi-vector foreign policy, maintaining diplomatic and economic ties with both of its large neighbours, China and Russia. The security language in the communique regarding non-joining of hostile alliances reflects Mongolia's long-standing constitutional position as a non-aligned state rather than a new policy shift.
China is Mongolia's largest trading partner and a major source of investment and development assistance. Mongolia's economy relies heavily on mineral and resource exports to China, while it also maintains strategic energy and infrastructure ties with Russia. The joint communique reinforces the existing trajectory of the bilateral relationship without introducing major new commitments.
Sources: gov.cn/SCIO, Xinhua
